לשכת המדען הראשי
משרד החינוך

לשכת המדען הראשי
משרד החינוך

הערכה חלופית

Alternative Assessment or Alternative Evaluation

משפחת מונחים: הערכה, מיומנויות הוראה
מופיע בדוחות: הערכה, פדגוגיה, פערים

שימוש בכלים ומתודות השונות מההערכה המסכמת באמצעות מבחן המקובלת בדרך כלל במוסדות חינוך. בחינה של תהליך ולא רק של תוצר, הערכה כחלק מתהליך הלמידה ולא רק בסיומו. הערכה עצמית והערכת עמיתים הן גישות אלטרנטיביות להערכה כמו גם ביצועי הבנה, הערכה מעצבת - המאפשרת תהליך דיוק של התוצר באמצעות למידה ומפחיתה את ה"סיכון" הכרוך בהערכה מסכמת. הערכה המהווה חלק אינטגרלי מההוראה והיא מעוצבת לשם השגת ביצוע.

הערכה חלופית הינה מושג רחב הכולל חלופות להערכה מבוססת על בחירות מרובות (multiple choice), טנכולוגיית מידע (IT); גישה בה הערכה הי אחלק אינטגרלי מהלמידה ומתהליך הלמידה. הערכה חלופית מתמקדת בעיקר בביצוע. משימות שבועיות שאינן דורשות הכנה רבה אך שומרות על קשר רציף עם המחנךת ואו המורה. הערכה מסכמת או מעצבת יכולות לניעשות במגוון הכלים; במילים אחרות – כל כלי יכול להיות גם מעצב וגם מסכם. ישנם כלים שמזוהים יותר עם הערכה מסכמת כמו מבחן, אבל, פרויקט חלופות בהערכה לבחינות הבגרות עושה שימוש במגוון כלים גם לצרכים של הערכה מסכמת.

Gipps C., Stobart G. (2003) Alternative Assessment. In: Kellaghan T., Stufflebeam D.L. (eds) International Handbook of Educational Evaluation. Kluwer International Handbooks of Education, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht.

מונחים קשורים

אבחון מאפייני הלמידה של התלמיד

קביעת מצב ההישגים של התלמיד על פי ניתוח קשיי הלמידה שלו, והצעת תכנית עבודה הבנויה על תוצאות ניתוח הקשיים.

אסטרטגיות פיגום

הישענות על הידע הקיים במטרה לרכוש ידע חדש על שימוש בכלים טכנולוגיים.

בניית יכולות על ידי מודלינג, תרגול, משוב ואימון

עיצוב מסוגלות בתחומים שונים באמצעות סיפוק מודל התנהגותי, חזרה על המיומנות הנלמדת היזון חוזר ושיקוף לגבי תרגול המיומנוות ויישומה.

גיוון בלמידה

לבני אדם סגנונות למידה שונים המתייחסים לחמישה אלמנטים של הלמידה: מאפייני הסביבה, הרגשנות של אדם, העדפות חברתיות, מאפיינים פיזיולוגיים ונטיות…

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